It's in the Details - How to Navigate a Job Description
Before applying for a job, it's important to understand fully the details of the job description. You can glean information from the "small print" that many others may miss, giving you an edge. Discerning the details of a job description helps you tailor your resume to meet the needs you find "hidden" in the description language. Here are some tips for getting at the details and understanding them.
Character Traits
Look carefully at the job description. Does it list character traits like "honest" or "hard working"? Those things might be assumed for any job, but the fact that the employer listed them means that those traits are important. It could also mean that those traits were lacking in the previous employee.
If you possess traits that are listed in the description, don't just list those on your resume. (Don't just write, "I am hard working and honest.") Instead, think of examples of times when you were hard working and honest, and note those. For instance, you might point out a time when you noted a mistake that would have been in your favor had you been quiet about it (honesty), or write down an experience where you offered to work overtime (hard working).
It's important to demonstrate, not just recite, those traits that will make you a good fit for the job.
Seemingly Unrelated Skills
Buried in the job description, there may be details about skills or traits that don't seem to relate to the job at hand. Don't overlook these - they are in the description for a reason. Maybe the employer is looking for someone who pays attention to detail, and just the fact that you saw this fine print and acknowledged it in your resume by providing examples might put you in their favor.
Ask about Details
If the job description is vague, then by all means ask your prospective employer about specifics. Make a comprehensive list so you don't have to ask questions multiple times, and sit down with him or her to discuss your list. Your employer might have been waiting for someone like you who can take something nebulous and clarify it - that might be one of the skills they are looking for! So, don't fear that you will look ignorant if you ask questions, as long as they are clear and relevant.
Watch Out for "Growth" References
Some companies express their lack of budget in language like "opportunities for growth." This may mean that you'll be working weekends as the only employee in a company that can't afford another worker! It also may mean that it truly is a great opportunity. Just be watchful that you don't get duped by this phrase.
What Does "Flexibility" Mean?
Employers like to offer "flexible" hours to prospective employees, but watch this one - flexibility should be on both sides, not just yours. For some employers, "flexible" means they will demand things from you at odd hours and during off days. Maybe that's fine with you; just be aware. And ask for flexibility in return - maybe you don't mind working Friday night, but you would then want to be able to come in late on Monday, for instance.
Good luck on your job search, and don't forget to look carefully at those job descriptions!